Finkl Jr., C.W. and
Kerwin, L. .
1997.
Emergency beach fill from glass cullet: An environmentally green management technique for mitigating erosional 'hot spots' in Florida..
TALLAHASSEE, FL, FLORIDA SHORE AND BEACH PRESERVATION ASSOCIATION: 304-319.
For coastal managers, localized areas of accelerated shoreline retreat, often referred to as erosional 'hot spots,' are problematic because of their small size and high costs associated with remediation. These focal points of intense erosional activity commonly occur immediately downdrift of stabilized (jettied) navigational entrances and natural littoral drift barriers. Whatever their cause, hot spots require emergency fill to temporarily stabilize the beach. The application of processed glass cullet to erosional hot spots is a new, innovative, and evolving technology that has potential for emergency shore protection along developed shores. Proxy of recycled glass aggregate as beach fill has several advantages which include: (1) use of a cost-effective recycled product, (2) application of an environmentally safe (inert) material, (3) selection of preferred grain sizes and shapes by crushing and sieving glass cullet, (4) performance which meets hydrodynamic requirements for reducing site erosion, and (5) admixture of glass aggregate which approximates the density, durability, compaction, permeability, and color of native beach sand. Florida annually recycles about 170,000 m super(3) of glass cullet, of which 30% to 40% is available for alternative uses. Based on 500 m sub(3) of processed glass sand (crushed and sieved to -30+60 mesh grain size), material costs average about $2.70/m super(3) compared to $12.56/m super(3) for natural upland sand. Materials, overland delivery, and placement costs compare favorably with dredged offshore sand along the Florida southeast coast which averages about $11.80 per m super(3). Currently there is about 25,000 m super(3) of glass cullet available in Palm Beach, Broward, and Dade counties for erosional hot-spot control on beaches.